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• Inside Front Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Brief Contents
• Contents
• Videonotes
• Preface
• Acknowledgments For the Global Edition
• PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
• 1.0.1 Data Manipulation
• 1.0.2 Problem Solving and Case Studies
• 1.0.3 Code Examples
• 1.0.4 Interactive Sessions
• 1.0.5 Exercises and Programming Projects
• 1.0.6 Self-Test Exercises
• 1.0.7 Programming Tips
• PART 1 THINKING ABOUT COMPUTING
• Chapter 0 The Study of Computer Science
• 0.1 Why Computer Science?
• 0.1.1 Importance of Computer Science
• 0.1.2 Computer Science Around You
• 0.1.3 Computer “Science”
• 0.1.4 Computer Science Through Computer Programming
• 0.2 The Difficulty and Promise of Programming
• 0.2.1 Difficulty 1: Two Things at Once
• 0.2.2 Difficulty 2: What Is a Good Program?
• 0.2.3 The Promise of a Computer Program
• 0.3 Choosing a Computer Language
• 0.3.1 Different Computer Languages
• 0.3.2 Why Python?
• 0.3.3 Is Python the Best Language?
• 0.4 What Is Computation?
• 0.5 What Is a Computer?
• 0.5.1 Computation in Nature
• 0.5.2 The Human Computer
• 0.6 The Modern, Electronic Computer
• 0.6.1 It’s the Switch!
• 0.6.2 The Transistor
• 0.7 A High-Level Look at a Modern Computer
• 0.8 Representing Data
• 0.8.1 Binary Data
• 0.8.2 Working with Binary
• 0.8.3 Limits
• 0.8.4 Representing Letters
• 0.8.5 Representing Other Data
• 0.8.6 What Does a Number Represent?
• 0.8.7 How to Talk About Quantities of Data
• 0.8.8 HowMuch Data Is That?
• 0.9 Overview of Coming Chapters
• PART 2 STARTING TO PROGRAM
• Chapter 1 Beginnings
• 1.1 Practice, Practice, Practice
• 1.2 QuickStart, the Circumference Program
• 1.2.1 Examining the Code
• 1.3 An Interactive Session
• 1.4 Parts of a Program
• 1.4.1 Modules
• 1.4.2 Statements and Expressions
• 1.4.3 Whitespace
• 1.4.4 Comments
• 1.4.5 Special Python Elements: Tokens
• 1.4.6 Naming Objects
• 1.4.7 Recommendations on Naming
• 1.5 Variables
• 1.5.1 Variable Creation and Assignment
• 1.6 Objects and Types
• 1.6.1 Numbers
• 1.6.2 Other Built-In Types
• 1.6.3 Object Types: Not Variable Types
• 1.6.4 Constructing New Values
• 1.7 Operators
• 1.7.1 Integer Operators
• 1.7.2 Floating-Point Operators
• 1.7.3 Mixed Operations
• 1.7.4 Order of Operations and Parentheses
• 1.7.5 Augmented Assignment Operators: A Shortcut!
• 1.8 Your First Module, Math
• 1.9 Developing an Algorithm
• 1.9.1 New Rule—Testing
• 1.10 Visual Vignette: Turtle Graphics
• 1.11 What’s Wrong with My Code?
• Chapter 2 Control
• 2.1 QuickStart Control
• 2.1.1 Selection
• 2.1.2 Booleans for Decisions
• 2.1.3 The if Statement
• 2.1.4 Example: What Lead Is Safe in Basketball?
• 2.1.5 Repetition
• 2.1.6 Example: Finding Perfect Numbers
• 2.1.7 Example: Classifying Numbers
• 2.2 In-Depth Control
• 2.2.1 True and False: Booleans
• 2.2.2 Boolean Variables
• 2.2.3 Relational Operators
• 2.2.4 Boolean Operators
• 2.2.5 Precedence
• 2.2.6 Boolean Operators Example
• 2.2.7 Another Word on Assignments
• 2.2.8 The Selection Statement for Decisions
• 2.2.9 More on Python Decision Statements
• 2.2.10 Repetition: the while Statement
• 2.2.11 Sentinel Loop
• 2.2.12 Summary of Repetition
• 2.2.13 More on the for Statement
• 2.2.14 Nesting
• 2.2.15 Hailstone Sequence Example
• 2.3 Visual Vignette: Plotting Data with Pylab
• 2.3.1 First Plot and Using a List
• 2.3.2 More Interesting Plot: A Sine Wave
• 2.4 Computer Science Perspectives: Minimal Universal Computing
• 2.4.1 Minimal Universal Computing
• 2.5 What’s Wrong with My Code?
• Chapter 3 Algorithms and Program Development
• 3.1 What Is an Algorithm?
• 3.1.1 Example Algorithms
• 3.2 Algorithm Features
• 3.2.1 Algorithm versus Program
• 3.2.2 Qualities of an Algorithm
• 3.2.3 Can We Really Do All That?
• 3.3 What Is a Program?
• 3.3.1 Readability
• 3.3.2 Robust
• 3.3.3 Correctness
• 3.4 Strategies for Program Design
• 3.4.1 Engage and Commit
• 3.4.2 Understand, Then Visualize
• 3.4.3 Think Before You Program
• 3.4.4 Experiment
• 3.4.5 Simplify
• 3.4.6 Stop and Think
• 3.4.7 Relax: Give Yourself a Break
• 3.5 A Simple Example
• 3.5.1 Build the Skeleton
• 3.5.2 Output
• 3.5.3 Input
• 3.5.4 Doing the Calculation
• PART 3 DATA STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS
• Chapter 4 Working with Strings
• 4.1 The String Type
• 4.1.1 The Triple-Quote String
• 4.1.2 Nonprinting Characters
• 4.1.3 String Representation
• 4.1.4 Strings as a Sequence
• 4.1.5 More Indexing and Slicing
• 4.1.6 Strings Are Iterable
• 4.2 String Operations
• 4.2.1 Concatenation (+) and Repetition (*)
• 4.2.2 Determining When + Indicates Addition or Concatenation?
• 4.2.3 Comparison Operators
• 4.2.4 The in Operator
• 4.2.5 String Collections Are Immutable
• 4.3 A Preview of Functions and Methods
• 4.3.1 A String Method
• 4.3.2 Determining Method Names and Method Arguments
• 4.3.3 String Methods
• 4.3.4 String Functions
• 4.4 Formatted Output for Strings
• 4.4.1 Descriptor Codes
• 4.4.2 Width and Alignment Descriptors
• 4.4.3 Floating-Point Precision Descriptor
• 4.5 Control and Strings
• 4.6 Working with Strings
• 4.6.1 Example: Reordering a Person’s Name
• 4.6.2 Palindromes
• 4.7 More String Formatting
• 4.8 Unicode
• 4.9 A GUI to Check a Palindrome
• 4.10 What’s Wrong with My Code?
• Chapter 5 Functions—QuickStart
• 5.1 What Is a Function?
• 5.1.1 Why Have Functions?
• 5.2 Python Functions
• 5.3 Flow of Control with Functions
• 5.3.1 Function Flow in Detail
• 5.3.2 Parameter Passing
• 5.3.3 Another Function Example
• 5.3.4 Function Example: Area of a Triangle
• 5.3.5 Functions Calling Functions
• 5.3.6 When to Use a Function
• 5.3.7 What If There Is No Return Statement?
• 5.3.8 What If There Are Multiple Return Statements?
• 5.4 Visual Vignette: Turtle Flag
• 5.5 What’s Wrong with My Code?
• Chapter 6 Files and Exceptions I
• 6.1 What Is a File?
• 6.2 Accessing Files: Reading Text Files
• 6.2.1 What’s Really Happening?
• 6.3 Accessing Files: Writing Text Files
• 6.4 Reading and Writing Text Files in a Program
• 6.5 File Creation and Overwriting
• 6.5.1 Files and Functions Example: Word Puzzle
• 6.6 First Cut, Handling Errors
• 6.6.1 Error Names
• 6.6.2 The try-except Construct
• 6.6.3 try-except Flow of Control
• 6.6.4 Exception Example
• 6.7 Example: Counting Poker Hands
• 6.7.1 Program to Count Poker Hands
• 6.8 GUI to Count Poker Hands
• 6.8.1 Count Hands Function
• 6.8.2 The Rest of the GUI Code
• 6.9 Error Check Float Input
• 6.10 What’s Wrong with My Code?
• Chapter 7 Lists and Tuples
• 7.1 What Is a List?
• 7.2 What You Already Know How To Do With Lists
• 7.2.1 Indexing and Slicing
• 7.2.2 Operators
• 7.2.3 Functions
• 7.2.4 List Iteration
• 7.3 Lists Are Different than Strings
• 7.3.1 Lists Are Mutable
• 7.3.2 List Methods
• 7.4 Old and New Friends: Split and Other Functions and Methods
• 7.4.1 Split and Multiple Assignment
• 7.4.2 List to String and Back Again, Using join
• 7.4.3 The Sorted Function
• 7.5 Working with Some Examples
• 7.5.1 Anagrams
• 7.5.2 Example: File Analysis
• 7.6 Mutable Objects and References
• 7.6.1 Shallow versus Deep Copy
• 7.6.2 Mutable versus Immutable
• 7.7 Tuples
• 7.7.1 Tuples from Lists
• 7.7.2 Why Tuples?
• 7.8 Lists: The Data Structure
• 7.8.1 Example Data Structure
• 7.8.2 Other Example Data Structures
• 7.9 Algorithm Example: U.S. EPA Automobile Mileage Data
• 7.9.1 CSV Module
• 7.10 Visual Vignette: Plotting EPA Data
• 7.11 List Comprehension
• 7.11.1 Comprehensions, Expressions, and the Ternary Operator
• 7.12 Visual Vignette: More Plotting
• 7.12.1 Pylab Arrays
• 7.12.2 Plotting Trigonometric Functions
• 7.13 GUI to Find Anagrams
• 7.13.1 Function Model
• 7.13.2 Controller
• 7.14 What’s Wrong with My Code?
• Chapter 8 More on Functions
• 8.1 Scope
• 8.1.1 Arguments, Parameters, and Namespaces
• 8.1.2 Passing Mutable Objects
• 8.1.3 Returning a Complex Object
• 8.1.4 Refactoring evens
• 8.2 Default Values and Parameters as Keywords
• 8.2.1 Example: Default Values and Parameter Keywords
• 8.3 Functions as Objects
• 8.3.1 Function Annotations
• 8.3.2 Docstrings
• 8.4 Example: Determining a Final Grade
• 8.4.1 The Data
• 8.4.2 The Design
• 8.4.3 Function: weighted_grade
• 8.4.4 Function: parse_line
• 8.4.5 Function: main
• 8.4.6 Example Use
• 8.5 Pass “by Value” or “by Reference”
• 8.6 What’s Wrong with My Code?
• Chapter 9 Dictionaries and Sets
• 9.1 Dictionaries
• 9.1.1 Dictionary Example
• 9.1.2 Python Dictionaries
• 9.1.3 Dictionary Indexing and Assignment
• 9.1.4 Operators
• 9.1.5 Ordered Dictionaries
• 9.2 Word Count Example
• 9.2.1 Count Words in a String
• 9.2.2 Word Frequency for Gettysburg Address
• 9.2.3 Output and Comments
• 9.3 Periodic Table Example
• 9.3.1 Working with CSV Files
• 9.3.2 Algorithm Overview
• 9.3.3 Functions for Divide and Conquer
• 9.4 Sets
• 9.4.1 History
• 9.4.2 What’s in a Set?
• 9.4.3 Python Sets
• 9.4.4 Methods, Operators, and Functions for Python Sets
• 9.4.5 Set Methods
• 9.5 Set Applications
• 9.5.1 Relationship between Words of Different
• 9.5.2 Output and Comments
• 9.6 Scope: The Full Story
• 9.6.1 Namespaces and Scope
• 9.6.2 Search Rule for Scope
• 9.6.3 Local
• 9.6.4 Global
• 9.6.5 Built-Ins
• 9.6.6 Enclosed
• 9.7 Using zip to Create Dictionaries
• 9.8 Dictionary and Set Comprehensions
• 9.9 Visual Vignette: Bar Graph of Word Frequency
• 9.9.1 Getting the Data Right
• 9.9.2 Labels and the xticks Command
• 9.9.3 Plotting
• 9.10 GUI to Compare Files
• 9.10.1 Controller and View
• 9.10.2 Function Model
• 9.11 What’s Wrong with My Code?
• Chapter 10 More Program Development
• 10.1 Introduction
• 10.2 Divide and Conquer
• 10.2.1 Top-Down Refinement
• 10.3 The Breast Cancer Classifier
• 10.3.1 The Problem
• 10.3.2 The Approach: Classification
• 10.3.3 Training and Testing the Classifier
• 10.3.4 Building the Classifier
• 10.4 Designing the Classifier Algorithm
• 10.4.1 Divided, now Conquer
• 10.4.2 Data Structures
• 10.4.3 File Format
• 10.4.4 The make_training_set Function
• 10.4.5 The make_test_set Function
• 10.4.6 The train_classifier Function
• 10.4.7 train_classifier, Round 2
• 10.4.8 Testing the Classifier on New Data
• 10.4.9 The report_results Function
• 10.5 Running the Classifier on Full Data
• 10.5.1 Training versus Testing
• 10.6 Other Interesting Problems
• 10.6.1 Tag Clouds
• 10.6.2 S&P 500 Predictions
• 10.6.3 Predicting Religion with Flags
• 10.7 GUI to Plot the Stock Market
• 10.7.1 Function Model
• 10.7.2 Controller and View
• PART 4 CLASSES, MAKING YOUR OWN DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS
• Chapter 11 Introduction to Classes
• 11.1 QuickStart: Simple Student Class
• 11.2 Object-Oriented Programming
• 11.2.1 Python Is Object-Oriented!
• 11.2.2 Characteristics of OOP
• 11.3 Working with OOP
• 11.3.1 Class and Instance
• 11.4 Working with Classes and Instances
• 11.4.1 Built-In Class and Instance
• 11.4.2 Our First Class
• 11.4.3 Changing Attributes
• 11.4.4 The Special Relationship Between an Instance and Class: instance-of
• 11.5 Object Methods
• 11.5.1 Using Object Methods
• 11.5.2 Writing Methods
• 11.5.3 The Special Argument self
• 11.5.4 Methods Are the Interface to a Class Instance
• 11.6 Fitting into the Python Class Model
• 11.6.1 Making Programmer-Defined Classes
• 11.6.2 A Student Class
• 11.6.3 Python Standard Methods
• 11.6.4 Now There Are Three: Class Designer, Programmer, and User
• 11.7 Example: Point Class
• 11.7.1 Construction
• 11.7.2 Distance
• 11.7.3 Summing Two Points
• 11.7.4 Improving the Point Class
• 11.8 Python and OOP
• 11.8.1 Encapsulation
• 11.8.2 Inheritance
• 11.8.3 Polymorphism
• 11.9 Python and Other OOP Languages
• 11.9.1 Public versus Private
• 11.9.2 Indicating Privacy Using Double Underscores (__)
• 11.9.3 Python’s Philosophy
• 11.9.4 Modifying an Instance
• 11.10 What’s Wrong with My Code?
• Chapter 12 More on Classes
• 12.1 More About Class Properties
• 12.1.1 Rational Number (Fraction) Class Example
• 12.2 How Does Python Know?
• 12.2.1 Classes, Types, and Introspection
• 12.2.2 Remember Operator Overloading
• 12.3 Creating Your Own Operator Overloading
• 12.3.1 Mapping Operators to Special Methods
• 12.4 Building the Rational Number Class
• 12.4.1 Making the Class
• 12.4.2 Review Fraction Addition
• 12.4.3 Back to Adding Fractions
• 12.4.4 Equality and Reducing Rationals
• 12.4.5 Divide and Conquer at Work
• 12.5 What Doesn’t Work (Yet)
• 12.5.1 Introspection
• 12.5.2 Repairing int + Rational Errors
• 12.6 Inheritance
• 12.6.1 The “Find the Attribute” Game
• 12.6.2 Using Inheritance
• 12.6.3 Example: The Standard Model
• 12.7 What’s Wrong with My Code?
• Chapter 13 Program Development with Classes
• 13.1 Predator–Prey Problem
• 13.1.1 The Rules
• 13.1.2 Simulation Using Object-Oriented Programming
• 13.2 Classes
• 13.2.1 Island Class
• 13.2.2 Predator and Prey, Kinds of Animals
• 13.2.3 Predator and Prey Classes
• 13.2.4 Object Diagram
• 13.2.5 Filling the Island
• 13.3 Adding Behavior
• 13.3.1 Refinement: Add Movement
• 13.3.2 Refinement: Time Simulation Loop
• 13.4 Refinement: Eating, Breeding, and Keeping Time
• 13.4.1 Improved Time Loop
• 13.4.2 Breeding
• 13.4.3 Eating
• 13.4.4 The Tick of the Clock
• 13.5 Refinement: How Many Times to Move?
• 13.6 Visual Vignette: Graphing Population Size
• PART 5 BEING A BETTER PROGRAMMER
• Chapter 14 Files and Exceptions II
• 14.1 More Details on Files
• 14.1.1 Other File Access Methods, Reading
• 14.1.2 Other File Access Methods, Writing
• 14.1.3 Universal New Line Format
• 14.1.4 Moving Around in a File
• 14.1.5 Closing a File
• 14.1.6 The with Statement
• 14.1.7 Text File Encodings
• 14.2 CSV Files
• 14.2.1 CSV Module
• 14.2.2 CSV Reader
• 14.2.3 CSV Writer
• 14.2.4 Example: Update Some Grades
• 14.3 Module: os
• 14.3.1 Directory (Folder) Structure
• 14.3.2 os Module Functions
• 14.3.3 os Module Example
• 14.4 More on Exceptions
• 14.4.1 Basic Exception Handling
• 14.4.2 A Simple Example
• 14.4.3 Events
• 14.4.4 A Philosophy Concerning Exceptions
• 14.5 Exception: else and finally
• 14.5.1 finally and with
• 14.5.2 Example: Refactoring the Reprompting of a File Name
• 14.6 More on Exceptions
• 14.6.1 Raise
• 14.6.2 Create Your Own
• 14.7 Example: Password Manager
• Chapter 15 Recursion: Another Control Mechanism
• 15.1 What Is Recursion?
• 15.2 Mathematics and Rabbits
• 15.3 Let’s Write Our Own: Reversing a String
• 15.4 How Does Recursion Actually Work?
• 15.4.1 Stack Data Structure
• 15.4.2 Stacks and Function Calls
• 15.4.3 A Better Fibonacci
• 15.5 Recursion in Figures
• 15.5.1 Recursive Tree
• 15.5.2 Sierpinski Triangles
• 15.6 Recursion to Non-recursion
• 15.7 GUI for Turtle Drawing
• 15.7.1 Using Turtle Graphics to Draw
• 15.7.2 Function Model
• 15.7.3 Controller and View
• Chapter 16 Other Fun Stuff with Python
• 16.1 Numbers
• 16.1.1 Fractions
• 16.1.2 Decimal
• 16.1.3 Complex Numbers
• 16.1.4 Statistics Module
• 16.1.5 Random Numbers
• 16.2 Even More on Functions
• 16.2.1 Having a Varying Number of Parameters
• 16.2.2 Iterators and Generators
• 16.2.3 Other Functional Programming Ideas
• 16.2.4 Some Functional Programming Tools
• 16.2.5 Decorators: Functions Calling Functions
• 16.3 Classes
• 16.3.1 Properties
• 16.3.2 Serializing an Instance: pickle
• 16.4 Other Things in Python
• 16.4.1 Data Types
• 16.4.2 Built-in Modules
• 16.4.3 Modules on the Internet
• Chapter 17 The End, or Perhaps the Beginning
• APPENDICES
• Appendix A Getting and Using Python
• A.1 About Python
• A.1.1 History
• A.1.2 Python 3
• A.1.3 Python Is Free and Portable
• A.1.4 Installing Anaconda
• A.1.5 Starting Our Python IDE: Spyder
• A.1.6 Working with Python
• A.1.7 Making a Program
• A.2 The IPython Console
• A.2.1 Anatomy of an iPython Session
• A.2.2 Your Top Three iPython Tips
• A.2.3 Completion and the Tab Key
• A.2.4 The ? Character
• A.2.5 More iPython Tips
• A.3 Some Conventions for This Book
• A.3.1 Interactive Code
• A.3.2 Program: Written Code
• A.3.3 Combined Program and Output
• A.4 Summary
• Appendix B Simple Drawing with Turtle Graphics
• B.0.1 What Is a Turtle?
• B.0.2 Motion
• B.0.3 Drawing
• B.0.4 Color
• B.0.5 Drawing with Color
• B.0.6 Other Commands
• B.1 Tidbits
• B.1.1 Reset/Close the Turtle Window
• Appendix C What’s Wrong with My Code?
• C.1 It’s Your Fault!
• C.1.1 Kinds of Errors
• C.1.2 “Bugs” and Debugging
• C.2 Debugging
• C.2.1 Testing for Correctness
• C.2.2 Probes
• C.2.3 Debugging with Spyder Example 1
• C.2.4 Debugging Example 1 Using print()
• C.2.5 Debugging with Spyder Example 2
• C.2.6 More Debugging Tips
• C.3 More about Testing
• C.3.1 Testing Is Hard!
• C.3.2 Importance of Testing
• C.3.3 Other Kinds of Testing
• C.4 What’s Wrong with My Code?
• C.4.1 Chapter 1: Beginnings
• C.4.2 Chapter 2: Control
• C.4.3 Chapter 4: Strings
• C.4.4 Chapter 5: Functions
• C.4.5 Chapter 6: Files and Exceptions
• C.4.6 Chapter 7: Lists and Tuples
• C.4.7 Chapter 8: More Functions
• C.4.8 Chapter 9: Dictionaries
• C.4.9 Chapter 11: Classes I
• C.4.10 Chapter 12: Classes II
• Appendix D Pylab: A Plotting and Numeric Tool
• D.1 Plotting
• D.2 Working with pylab
• D.2.1 Plot Command
• D.2.2 Colors, Marks, and Lines
• D.2.3 Generating X-Values
• D.2.4 Plot Properties
• D.2.5 Tick Labels
• D.2.6 Legend
• D.2.7 Bar Graphs
• D.2.8 Histograms
• D.2.9 Pie Charts
• D.2.10How Powerful Is pylab?
• Appendix E Quick Introduction to Web-based User Interfaces
• E.0.1 MVC Architecture
• E.1 Flask
• E.2 QuickStart Flask, Hello World
• E.2.1 What Just Happened?
• E.2.2 Multiple Routes
• E.2.3 Stacked Routes, Passing Address Arguments
• E.3 Serving Up Real HTML Pages
• E.3.1 A Little Bit of HTML
• E.3.2 HTML Tags
• E.3.3 Flask Returning Web Pages
• E.3.4 Getting Arguments into Our Web Pages
• E.4 Active Web Pages
• E.4.1 Forms in wtforms
• E.4.2 A Good Example Goes a Long Way
• E.4.3 Many Fields Example
• E.5 Displaying and Updating Images
• E.6 Odds and Ends
• Appendix F Table of UTF-8 One Byte Encodings
• Appendix G Precedence
• Appendix H Naming Conventions
• H.1 Python Style Elements
• H.2 Naming Conventions
• H.2.1 Our Added Naming Conventions
• H.3 Other Python Conventions
• Appendix I Check Yourself Solutions
• I.1 Chapter 1
• Variables and Assignment
• Types and Operators
• I.2 Chapter 2
• Basic Control Check
• Loop Control Check
• More Control Check
• for and range Check
• I.3 Chapter 4
• Slicing Check
• String Comparison Check
• I.4 Chapter 5
• Simple Functions Check
• I.5 Chapter 6
• Exception Check
• Function Practice with Strings
• I.6 Chapter 7
• Basic Lists Check
• Lists and Strings Check
• Mutable List Check
• I.7 Chapter 8
• Passing Mutables Check
• More on Functions Check
• I.8 Chapter 9
• Dictionary Check
• Set Check
• I.9 Chapter 11
• Basic Classes Check
• Defining Special Methods
• I.10 Chapter 12
• Check Defining Your Own Operators
• I.11 Chapter 14
• Basic File Operations
• Basic Exception Control
• INDEX
• A
• B
• C
• D
• E
• F
• G
• H
• I
• J
• K
• L
• M
• N
• O
• P
• Q
• R
• S
• T
• U
• V
• W
• Y
• Z