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• Cover
• Title Page
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• Part 1: Introduction to Silviculture
• 1 The History and Philosophy of Silviculture
• Introduction
• Silviculture, its Origin and Development as an Applied Ecology
• The Philosophies of Silviculture as a Practice
• Silviculture as a Body of Knowledge
• References
• 2 Silviculture and its Place in Managing Current Forests and Woodlands
• Introduction
• The Purpose of Silviculture Today
• Scope and Terminology of Silvicultural Practice
• The Silviculture Framework for Managing a Forest
• References
• Part 2: Ecological Foundations of Silviculture
• 3 Ecological Site Classification, Stands as Management Units, and Landscape‐Scale Planning
• Introduction
• Ecological Methods of Identifying and Classifying Sites
• Stands as Management Units
• New Developments in Landscape‐Level Ecological Planning
• References
• 4 Stand Dynamics: The Ecology of Forest Succession
• Introduction
• Initiating Disturbances and Sources of Regeneration
• Stages of Stand Development
• Defining Cohorts and Age Classes
• Defining Canopy Stratification by Age Class
• Relationship of Stand Dynamics to Other Interpretations of Vegetational Development
• Choice of Developmental Patterns
• References
• 5 Ecology of Regeneration
• Introduction
• Ecological Role of Natural Disturbance
• The Regeneration Process
• Disturbance, Climate, and Regional Patterns in Floristics of Forest Regeneration
• Regeneration Methods as Analogs to Natural Disturbance
• References
• Part 3: Methods of Regeneration
• 6 Development of Silvicultural Systems and Methods of Regeneration
• Introduction
• Conceptual Formation of Silvicultural Systems: The Science of Place
• Classification of Natural Regeneration Methods
• Classification of Plantations and Artificial Seeding
• Naming Silvicultural Systems: The Taxonomy
• Summary Remarks
• References
• 7 Site Treatments
• Introduction
• Disposal of Logging Slash
• Treatment of the Forest Floor and Competing Vegetation
• References
• Part 3A: Natural Regeneration Methods
• 8 Natural Regeneration: The Clearcutting Method
• Introduction
• The Protocol
• Regeneration of Pure Stands from Natural Seeding
• Applications of True Clearcutting: Case Studies from North America
• References
• 9 Natural Regeneration: The Seed-Tree Method
• Introduction
• The Protocol
• Variations in Spatial Patterns of Stand Structure
• Application of Seed‐Tree Methods
• References
• 10 Natural Regeneration: The Shelterwood Method
• Introduction
• The Protocol for the Uniform Shelterwood
• Protocols for Alternative Arrangements
• Application of Shelterwood Methods
• References
• 11 Natural Regeneration: Irregular Seed‐Tree and Shelterwood Methods (Multi‐Aged Systems)
• Introduction
• Development of Two‐ or Three‐Aged Stands
• Regeneration Methods Including Reserve Trees within Irregular Seed‐Tree and Shelterwood Systems
• Application of Two‐ or Three‐Aged Systems
• References
• 12 Natural Regeneration: The Coppice Method
• Introduction
• Vegetative Regeneration and the Nature of Disturbance
• The Physiology and Morphology of Sprouting
• Types of Vegetative Regeneration
• Simple Coppice Systems
• Coppice Systems with Irregular Structures and Age Classes
• The Role of Coppice Stands in the Past, Present, and Future
• Conversion of Coppice Stands to High Forests
• References
• 13 Natural Regeneration: Selection Methods
• Introduction
• The Protocol
• The Selection Regeneration Method and its Variations
• Managing for Balanced All‐Aged Stands
• Managing for Unbalanced All‐Aged Stands
• Application of the Selection Method of Regeneration
• References
• Part 3B: Methods Based on Artificial Regeneration
• 14 Species Selection and Genetic Improvement
• Introduction
• Selection of Species and Provenances
• Genetic Improvement
• References
• 15 Nursery, Planting, and Seeding Techniques
• Introduction
• Propagation
• Planting and Seeding
• References
• 16 The Arrangement, Composition, and Methods of Planting
• Introduction
• The Role of Planting
• Density of Plantings
• Spatial Arrangement of Plantings
• High Forest Plantations
• Low Forest Plantations
• Protection of New Plantations
• References
• Part 4: Post‐Establishment (Intermediate) Treatments
• 17 Tree and Stand Growth
• Introduction
• Growth within Individual Trees
• Stand Scale Patterns of Production
• The Effect of Thinning on Stand Production
• The Effect of Thinning on the Economic Yield of Stands
• References
• 18 Post‐Establishment Tools in Silviculture
• Introduction
• Cutting and Girdling
• Use of Herbicides
• Methods of Applying Herbicides
• Use of Insecticides
• Prescribed Burning
• Use of Fertilizer
• Irrigation
• References
• 19 Pruning Methods and Applications
• Introduction
• The Ecology of Natural Pruning Processes
• Pruning Trees to Improve Timber Quality in Forests
• Techniques of Pruning Open Grown Trees Within Urban Environments
• Training and Pruning Fruit and Shade Trees in Orchards and Agroforestry Systems
• References
• 20 Release Operations in Seedling and Sapling Stands
• Introduction
• Competing Vegetation
• Concept of Free‐To‐Grow
• Early Use of Release Treatments
• Vegetation Control Methods
• Timing and Extent of Release Treatments
• Ecological Impact of Release Treatments on Plant Communities
• Liberation Treatments
• Release Treatments that Control Invasives
• References
• 21 Methods of Thinning
• Introduction
• The Different Approaches to Thinning
• Low Thinning
• Crown Thinning
• Dominant Thinning
• Free‐Form Thinning
• Variable‐Density Thinning
• Geometric Thinning
• Application of Thinnings
• References
• 22 Quantitative Thinning: Theory and Application
• Introduction
• Conceptual and Experimental Proof for Thinning
• Quantitative Thinning Guidelines
• References
• Part 5: Silvicultural Considerations for Managing All Forests
• 23 Conservation Management Practices
• Introduction
• Management Practices
• References
• 24 Silviculture for Wildlife Habitat
• Introduction
• Habitat Elements Within Stands
• Landscape Elements Across Stands
• Examples of Application
• Control of Wildlife Damage to Trees
• References
• 25 Silvicultural Applications to Forest Restoration: Rehabilitation and Reclamation
• Introduction
• Degradation and Restoration Processes of Forests
• Categories of Forest Degradation and their Restoration Treatments
• Summary
• References
• 26 Approaches to and Treatments for Maintaining Healthy Forest Ecosystems
• Introduction
• The Growing Threat of Non‐Native Invasive Insects and Disease
• The Concept of Forest Ecosystem Health within Stand Dynamics
• Protection Against Biotic Agencies: Insects and Disease
• Protection Against Abiotic Agencies
• Using Silviculture to Control Damage
• References
• 27 Managing Forest Carbon in Changing Climates
• Introduction
• The Ecology of Forest Carbon
• Avoiding Deforestation and Increasing Reforestation
• Carbon Management in Existing Forests
• The Use of Wood as Biomass Energyor in Wood Products for Carbon Storage
• References
• Part 6: Silvicultural Applications for Different Land Uses
• 28 Ecosystem Management: Managing Public Natural Forests for Multiple Values
• Introduction
• Regional and Global Differences in Public Land Ownership
• Managing Complex Large‐Scale Forests
• The Ecosystem‐Management Paradigm
• Regional Examples of Ecosystem Management
• References
• 29 Application of Silviculture to Watershed Management
• Introduction
• Baseline Watershed Conditions
• Paired Watershed Studies: Impacts of Land Clearance and Forest Disturbance
• Managing Forests for Water Quality: Examples from the United States
• Managing Forests for Water Yield: Examples from the United States
• Summary
• References
• 30 Industrial Timber Management
• Introduction
• Principles of Regulating Timber Harvests
• Considerations for Timber Production in Forests
• Global and National Trends in Industrial Plantation Forestry
• References
• 31 Application of Silviculture to Agroforestry
• Introduction
• Stages of Stand Development and Agroforestry
• Successional Agri‐silvicultural Practices
• Permanent Agri‐silvicultural Practices
• Selection of Tree Species for Agroforestry
• References
• 32 Application of Silviculture to Urban Ecosystems and the Urban–Rural Interface
• Introduction
• Aesthetics and Landscape Design of Urban Forests
• Mitigating Urban Meso‐ and Micro‐Environments
• The Application of Silviculture to Urban Watersheds
• References
• Common and Scientific Names of Trees and Shrubs Mentioned in the Text
• Glossary of Terms
• Index
• End User License Agreement