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• Cover
• Dedication
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Preface
• 1 The Social Causation of Health and Disease
• Coronavirus
• Smoking
• The Biomedical Model
• Elements of Proof
• Diabetes
• HIV/AIDS
• Social Determinants of Disease: Fundamental Cause Theory
• Measuring Structural Effects
• Conclusion
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Suggested Further Reading
• 2 Theorizing about Health and Disease
• The Rise and Fall of Structural-Functionalism
• The Fall of Conflict Theory and Repackaging of Marxism
• The Rise of the Agency-Oriented Paradigm
• American Medical Sociology
• British Medical Sociology
• Conclusion
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Suggested Further Reading
• 3 Health Lifestyles
• Lifestyle: Health as an Achievement
• Methodological Individualism in Health Lifestyle Research
• The Agency–Structure Debate
• Health Lifestyle Theory
• Class circumstances
• Age, gender, and race/ethnicity
• Collectivities
• Living conditions
• Socialization and experience
• Life choices (agency)
• Life chances (structure)
• Choice and chance interplay
• Dispositions to act (habitus)
• Completing the model
• Conclusion
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Suggested Further Reading
• 4 The Power of Class
• Class and Heart Attack Survival
• Class Structure and its Components
• Class schemes
• Weber: status groups
• The End of Class?
• The Social Gradient in Mortality
• Confirming the Relationship
• Medical Care as an Intervening Variable?
• Conclusion
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Suggested Further Reading
• 5 Class and Health: Explaining the Relationship
• Class, Health, and Medical Care in the United States
• Class, Health, and Medical Care in the United Kingdom
• Stress
• Income Inequality
• Culture
• Smoking
• Obesity
• Conclusion: Social Causation or Social Selection?
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Suggested Further Reading
• 6 Age
• Age Stratification Theory
• Life Course Theory
• Cohort Effects of Age
• Conclusion
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Suggested Further Reading
• 7 Gender
• The Gender Health and Mortality Paradox
• Gender Differences in Physical and Mental Health
• Gender Differences in Health Practices
• LGBT Health
• Another Look at Smoking
• Conclusion
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Suggested Further Reading
• 8 Race and Ethnicity
• Ethnicity
• Race and Physical Health
• Hispanics and Immigration
• Racism as a Fundamental Cause
• Race and Health in Britain
• Race and Mental Health
• Summary
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Suggested Further Reading
• 9 Living Conditions and Neighborhood Disadvantage
• Unhealthy Places
• Health and Neighborhood Disadvantage in Britain
• Physical Health and Neighborhood Disadvantage in the US
• Mental Health and Neighborhood Disadvantage in the US
• Conclusion
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Suggested Further Reading
• 10 Health and Social Capital
• Robert Putnam: Bowling Alone
• Nan Lin: Social Capital as Structure
• Pierre Bourdieu: A Social Form of Capital
• Robert Sampson: Collective Efficacy
• Research Applications of Social Capital
• Conclusion
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Suggested Further Reading
• Concluding Remarks
• The Return of Structure
• Structure–Agency Interface
• Policy Implications
• Conclusion
• References
• Name Index
• Subject Index
• End User License Agreement