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• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Contents
• Preface to the first edition
• Preface to the second edition
• Acknowledgements to the first edition
• Acknowledgements to the second edition
• Introduction
• References and bibliography
• Tectonics on a sphere: the geometry of plate tectonics
• Plate tectonics
• A flat Earth
• Rotation vectors and rotation poles
• Present-day plate motions
• Plate boundaries can change with time
• Triple junctions
• Absolute plate motions
• Problems
• References and bibliography
• Past plate motions
• The role of the Earth’s magnetic field
• Dating the oceanic plates
• Reconstruction of past plate motions
• Problems
• References and bibliography
• Seismology Measuring the interior
• Waves through the Earth
• Earthquake seismology
• Refraction seismology
• Reflection seismology
• Problems
• References and bibliography
• Gravity
• Introduction
• Gravitational potential and acceleration
• Gravity of the Earth
• The shape of the Earth
• Gravity anomalies
• Observed gravity and geoid anomalies
• Flexure of the lithosphere and the viscosity of the mantle
• Problems
• References and bibliography
• Geochronology
• Introduction
• General theory
• Rubidium–strontium
• Uranium–lead
• Thorium–lead
• Potassium–argon
• Argon–argon
• Samarium–neodymium
• Fission-track dating
• The age of the Earth
• Problems
• References and bibliography
• Heat
• Introduction
• Conductive heat flow
• Calculation of simple geotherms
• Worldwide heat flow: total heat loss from the Earth
• Oceanic heat flow
• Continental heat flow
• The adiabat and melting in the mantle
• Metamorphism: geotherms in the continental crust
• Problems
• References and bibliography
• The deep interior of the Earth
• The internal structure of the Earth
• Convection in the mantle
• The core
• References and bibliography
• The oceanic lithosphere: ridges, transforms, trenches and oceanic islands
• Introduction
• The oceanic lithosphere
• The deep structure of mid-ocean ridges
• The shallow structure of mid-ocean ridges
• Transform faults
• Subduction zones
• Oceanic islands
• Problems
• References and bibliography
• The continental lithosphere
• Introduction
• The growth of continents
• Sedimentary basins and continental margins
• Continental rift zones
• The Archaean
• Problems
• References and bibliography
• Appendix 1: Scalars, vectors and differential operators
• Appendix 2: Theory of elasticity and elastic waves
• Appendix 3: Geometry of ray paths and inversion of earthquake body-wave time–distance curves
• Appendix 4: The least-squares method
• Appendix 5: The error function
• Appendix 6: Units and symbols
• Appendix 7: Numerical data
• Appendix 8: The IASP91 Earth model
• Appendix 9: The Preliminary Reference Earth Model, isotropic version – PREM
• Appendix 10: The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (abridged version)
• Glossary
• Index