Efnisyfirlit

• Half-title
• Title page
• Copyright information
• Dedication
• Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• 1 Overview: People and Water
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 The Urban Ocean: A Definition
• 1.3 The Urban Ocean: The Risks
• 1.4 A Global Perspective
• 2 Characteristics of Seawater
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Urban Ocean Properties
• 2.3 Salinity
• 2.4 Temperature
• 2.5 Density
• 2.6 Equation of State
• 2.7 Sound in the Urban Ocean
• 2.8 Light in the Urban Ocean
• 2.9 Some Vocabulary
• 3 Urban Ocean Characteristics
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 The Land–Ocean Boundary
• 3.2.1 A Case Study in Complexity – the Hawaiian Islands
• 3.3 The Land–Estuary Boundary
• 3.3.1 A Case Study in Human-Altered Estuaries – the Hudson–Raritan Estuary
• 4 Governing Dynamics
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Forces
• 4.3 Lagrangian and Eulerian Perspectives
• 4.4 Momentum Equations
• 5 Mass, Salt, and Temperature ‘‘Conservation’’
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Conservation of Mass
• 5.3 Conservation of Heat and Salt
• 5.4 Knudsen Hydrographical ‘‘Theorem’’
• 5.5 Residence Time
• 6 Water Level Changes
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 The Tide
• 6.2.1 Tidal Datums
• 6.3 Atmospheric and Wind Effects on Water Level
• 6.3.1 Storm Surges
• 6.4 Tsunamis
• 6.5 Emerging Opportunities
• 7 Estuarine and Coastal Ocean Flows
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Estuarine Circulation
• 7.3 Continental Shelf Circulation
• 7.4 Coastal Upwelling and Downwelling
• 7.5 Coastal Plumes and Fronts
• 7.6 Transport of Pollutants
• 8 Urban Meteorology
• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 Urban Air Basics
• 8.3 Weather and Climate
• 8.4 Scales of Motion
• 8.5 Urban Boundary Layer
• 8.6 The Urban Heat Island
• 8.7 Wind Movements in the UBL
• 8.8 Winds Over Land vs Over the Ocean
• 8.9 Urban Hydrosphere
• 8.10 The Future
• 9 Coastal Processes and Shoreline Modification
• 9.1 Introduction
• 9.2 Coastal Wave Dynamics
• 9.3 Properties of Sediments
• 9.4 Physics of Sediment Motion
• 9.5 Coastal Sediment Transport
• 9.5.1 Cross-Shore Sediment Transport
• 9.5.2 Along-Shore Sediment Transport
• 9.5.3 Beach Erosion
• 9.5.3.1 Short-Term Erosion
• 9.5.3.2 Long-Term Erosion
• 9.5.3.3 Impact of Sea Level Rise
• 10 Marine Pollution
• 10.1 Introduction
• 10.2 Sources of Pollutants
• 10.3 Nutrients
• 10.4 Marine Debris
• 10.5 Oil Spills
• 10.6 Metals
• 10.7 Pathogens
• 10.8 Epilogue
• Color Plates
• 11 Coastal Extreme Events: The Risks and the Responses
• 11.1 Introduction
• 11.2 Extreme Events in Context
• 11.2.1 Hurricane Sandy
• 11.2.2 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami
• 11.2.3 The Black Swan
• 11.3 Response to Extreme Threats
• 11.3.1 The Delta Plan
• 11.3.2 The Thames Flood Barrier
• 11.3.3 Venice
• 11.4 Response to More Common Coastal Hazards
• 11.4.1 Traditional Approaches to Coastal Hazards
• 11.4.1.1 Structural Approaches
• 11.4.1.2 Non-Structural Approaches
• 11.4.2 Non-Traditional Approaches to Coastal Hazards
• 11.5 Focus on the Community
• 12 Coastal Ocean Observing Systems
• 12.1 Introduction
• 12.2 A Bit of History
• 12.3 Integrated Coastal Ocean Observing Systems
• 12.3.1 The Measurement (Monitoring) Subsystem
• 12.3.2 The Data Analysis-Modeling Subsystem
• 12.3.3 The Data Management and Communications Subsystem
• 12.3.4 A System of Systems
• 12.4 Unmanned and Autonomous Sampling Systems
• 12.5 Satellite-Based Observing Systems
• 12.6 Future Challenges
• 13 Climate Change
• 13.1 Introduction
• 13.2 Signs of Change
• 13.3 Drivers of Climate Change
• 13.4 Forecasting Future Climates
• 13.5 A Warming Climate
• 13.6 Precipitation Changes
• 13.7 Sea Level Rise
• 13.8 Extreme Events
• 13.9 National Security Concerns
• 13.10 Are there any Possible Benefits?
• 14 Cities and Water: Building Resilience
• 14.1 Introduction
• 14.2 The Context of Change
• 14.3 Designing for Resilience
• 14.4 Global Initiatives to Support Resilient Communities
• 14.5 What Is Next?
• 14.5.1 Future Academic Programs
• References
• Index