Efnisyfirlit

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Contributors
• 1. The Use of Pharmaceuticals
• Drug Development
• Basic Pharmacokinetics
• Absorption, Distribution and Elimination
• Summary
• Factors that May Modify the Efficacy and Choice of Dose of a Drug in Patients
• Basic Pharmacodynamics
• Summary
• 2. The Role of Nurses in Drug Administration
• Non-Medical Prescribers
• Drug History
• The Prescription
• Nursing Aspects of Administration
• Dosage Calculations
• Aids to Taking Oral Drugs
• Drugs Adherence
• Patient Education
• Non-Prescription Drugs
• 3. Adverse Reactions to Drugs, Testing of Drugs and Pharmacovigilance
• Types of Adverse Reactions
• The Introduction and Testing of New Drugs
• Formularies
• Pharmacoeconomics
• 4. The Autonomic System
• Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System
• Components of the Autonomic Nervous System
• Chemical Transmission of Nerve Impulses
• Sympathomimetic Drugs
• Other Sympathomimetic Drugs
• Adrenergic Blocking Agents
• Parasympathomimetic Drugs
• The Anticholinesterases
• Drugs Inhibiting the Action of Acetylcholine
• Drugs Affecting the Non-Adrenergic Non-Cholinergic System
• Summary
• 5. Cardiovascular System 1: Drugs Acting on the Heart
• Drug Treatment in Two Major Disorders of Heart Function
• Cardiac Failure
• Drugs Used in the Treatment of Cardiac Failure
• Care and Treatment of Patients With Cardiac Failure
• Cardiac Arrhythmias
• Ablation
• 6. Cardiovascular System 2: Drugs Used for Blood Pressure
• The Normal Control of Blood Pressure
• Hypertension
• How Drugs Can Lower Blood Pressure
• Medicines to Lower Total Peripheral Resistance
• Drugs to Lower Cardiac Output
• Drugs to Decrease Blood Volume
• Drugs That Act Centrally
• The Treatment of Hypertension
• Summary
• Drugs to treat Peripheral Vascular Disease
• Drugs for Patients in Shock
• 7. Cardiovascular system 3: Atheroma and Thrombosis – Anticoagulants and Thrombolytic Agents
• Coagulation and Thrombosis
• Prevention of Venous Thrombosis (Thromboprophylaxis)
• Anticoagulation for Venous Thrombosis/Pulmonary Embolism
• Summary
• Atheroma and Arterial Thrombosis
• The Hyperlipidaemias and Cholesterol
• Summary
• Ischaemic Heart Disease
• Acute Coronary Syndrome
• Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome
• Strokes
• 8. Resuscitation
• Background
• Oral Rehydration Solutions
• Intravenous Fluids
• Isotonic, Hypotonic and Hypertonic Fluids
• Crystalloids and Colloids
• Intravenous Fluid Treatment
• Drugs Used During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
• Summary
• 9. The Respiratory System
• Asthma
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Inhalation Delivery Systems
• Cough Remedies
• Inhalations and Mucolytic Agents
• Respiratory Failure
• Summary
• 10. Drugs Affecting the Gastrointestinal System
• The Mouth
• The Oesophagus and Stomach
• Summary
• The Intestines
• The Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease
• Biologic Therapy
• The Treatment of Constipation
• Summary
• Intestinal ‘Sedatives’
• Pancreatic Supplements
• Gallstones
• Drugs and the Liver
• Emetics
• Antiemetics
• Summary
• 11. Vitamins, Iron and Treatment of Anaemia
• Vitamins
• Iron Deficiency Anaemia
• Drugs Used to Treat Other Anaemias
• Summary
• 12. Drugs Affecting the Kidney
• Introduction to Diuretics
• Diuretic Drugs
• Making Urine Alkaline
• Summary
• 13. Drugs Used for the Treatment of Rheumatological Conditions: Treatment of Arthritis and Gout
• The Acute Inflammatory Reaction
• Non-Steroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
• Summary
• Rheumatoid Arthritis (and Other Rheumatic Disorders)
• Summary
• Gout
• Summary
• 14. Endocrine system 1: The Hypothalamus and Pituitary
• Hormones
• The Hypothalamic–Pituitary Axis
• Control of Pituitary Hormone Release
• The Hypothalamus and Obesity
• Summary
• 15. Endocrine system 2: Hormones and Metabolism – Thyroid and Parathyroid Disorders
• The Thyroid Gland and Thyroid Hormones
• Abnormalities of Thyroid Function
• Treatment of Thyrotoxicosis
• Summary
• Bone Metabolism, the Parathyroid Glands and Calcium
• The Parathyroid Glands and Parathyroid Hormone
• Hypercalcaemia
• Calcitonin
• Osteoporosis and Its Treatment
• Summary
• 16. Endocrine system 3: Hormones and Metabolism – Diabetes
• The Pancreas
• Insulin
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes
• Management of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
• Glucagon
• The Nurse and the Patient with Diabetes At Home
• Appetite Suppression and Obesity
• Summary
• 17. Endocrine system 4: Hormones and Metabolism – The Adrenal Glands
• The Adrenal Glands
• The Cortex
• Glucocorticoid Hormones
• The Adrenal Medulla
• Summary
• 18. Endocrine system 5: Hormones and Reproduction
• The Female Sex Hormones
• The Male Sex Hormones
• Summary
• The Oestrogens
• Oral Contraception
• The UK Medical Eligibility Criteria
• Intrauterine System
• Summary
• Hormone Replacement Therapy
• Summary
• Drugs That Affect Uterine Smooth Muscle
• Summary
• Male Sex Hormones
• 19. Nervous System 1: General Anaesthesia and Local Anaesthetics
• History
• Preoperative Assessment of the Patient
• Premedication
• Maintenance of Anaesthesia
• The Neuromuscular Junction
• Malignant Hyperpyrexia
• Local Anaesthetics
• Summary
• 20. Nervous system 2: Opioid Analgesics
• The Perception of Pain
• Drugs That Relieve Pain
• Analgesics for the Treatment of Acute Pain
• Opioid Analgesics
• Opioid Agonists
• Opioid Partial Agonists
• Opioid Antagonists
• Summary
• Analgesics for Terminal Disease
• Terminal Care Services and the Pain Control Team
• 21. Drugs Used in Neurological Diseases: Migraine, Epilepsy and Parkinson’s Disease
• Migraine
• Epilepsy
• Summary
• Parkinson’s Disease
• 22. Drugs Used in Psychiatric Disorders: Antipsychotics, Antidepressants, Anxiolytics, Hypnotics and Anti-dementia drugs
• Introduction
• Types of Mental Illness
• Brain Neurotransmitters and Psychiatric Disorders
• Administration of Drugs to Psychiatric Patients
• Antipsychotic Drugs
• First Generation Antipsychotic Drugs
• Second Generation Antipsychotic Drugs
• Treatment of Schizophrenia
• Acute Confusional State
• Anxiety
• Anxiolytic Drugs
• Insomnia
• Sedatives Prior to Minor Procedures
• Depression
• Electroconvulsive Therapy
• Mania/Bipolar Disorder
• Dementia
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
• Jet Lag
• Summary
• 23. Drug Dependence and Drug Abuse
• Introduction
• Alcohol
• Opioids (see chapter 20)
• Cocaine
• Amphetamines and Ecstasy
• Barbiturates
• Cannabis (Marijuana)
• Volatile Solvents
• Hallucinogens
• Nicotine
• Caffeine
• Summary
• 24. Drugs Used for Dermatological Conditions
• Dermatological Diagnosis and Treatment
• Emollients
• Types of Skin Applications
• Ingredients in Preparations
• Treatment of Some Common Skin Conditions
• Application of Skin Preparations
• Drug Eruptions
• Summary
• 25. Drugs Used For Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders
• The Ear
• The Nose
• The Throat
• The Mouth
• Summary
• 26. Antibacterials
• Introduction
• How Antibacterial Substances Work
• Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria
• Choosing an Antibiotic
• Sulphonamides
• Nitrofurans
• Quinolones
• β-Lactam Antibiotics
• Aminoglycosides
• Tetracyclines
• Chloramphenicol
• Macrolides
• Glycopeptides
• Miscellaneous Antibiotics
• Tuberculosis
• Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics
• Antimicrobial Stewardship
• Antibiotic Drugs in the Treatment of Common Infections
• Prevention of Surgical Site Infection
• Routine Surveillane of Healthcare-Associated Infections
• 27. Antivirals: Treatments for HIV, Hepatitis and Influenza
• The Virus
• Antiviral Agents
• Cytomegalovirus
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
• Summary
• Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Virus
• Influenza
• Summary
• Antifungal Agents
• Summary
• 28. Vaccines
• The Immune Reaction
• Active Immunization
• Passive Immunization
• Administration of Serum
• Antisera
• Vaccines
• Contraindications to Immunization
• COVID-19
• Drugs That Block the Immune Reaction
• Summary
• 29. Drugs Used in the Treatment of Malignant Diseases
• Introduction
• Approaches to Cancer Treatment
• Drug Treatments for Cancer
• Targeted Therapies
• Immunotherapy
• Sex Hormones and Hormone Antagonists
• Combination Therapy
• Adjuvant Treatment
• Palliative Chemotherapy
• Practical Points
• Long-Term Risks of the Use of Cytotoxic Drugs
• The Role of the Nurse in Cancer Chemotherapy
• 30. Drugs Used in the Treatment of Tropical Diseases
• Introduction
• Preparations and Bite Avoidance
• Diseases and Infestations
• Anthelmintics
• 31. Drugs Used in the Treatment of Ophthalmological Diseases
• Structure of the Eye
• Types of Drugs Used
• Antibacterial Agents
• Antifungal Drugs
• Antiviral Agents
• Antiprotozoan Drugs
• Drugs Affecting Pupil Size
• The Treatment of Glaucoma
• The Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
• Local Anaesthetics
• Ocular Lubricants
• Stains Used in Ophthalmology
• Drugs with Adverse Effects on the Eye
• Summary
• 32. Special Considerations in Drug Use: Pregnancy, Paediatrics and the Older Patient
• Introduction
• Drugs in Pregnancy
• Drugs in Newborn Infants
• Breastfeeding and Drugs
• Dosage of Medcines in Children
• Use of Drugs in the Older Patient
• Palliative Care
• 33. Toxicity of Drugs and Treatment
• Introduction
• General Management
• Treatment
• Individual Poisons
• Chelating Agents
• General Information
• 34. Herbal Medicines and Homeopathy
• Herbal Medicines
• Homeopathy
• Appendix. Biologic Agents
• Glossary
• Index