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• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• About the Authors
• Preface
• Applications
• Detailed Contents
• Brief Contents
• Mechanics
• 1 Units, Physical Quantities, and Vectors
• 1.1 The Nature of Physics
• 1.2 Solving Physics Problems
• 1.3 Standards and Units
• 1.4 Using and Converting Units
• 1.5 Uncertainty and Significant Figures
• 1.6 Estimates and Orders of Magnitude
• 1.7 Vectors and Vector Addition
• 1.8 Components of Vectors
• 1.9 Unit Vectors
• 1.10 Products of Vectors
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 2 Motion Along a Straight Line
• 2.1 Displacement, Time, and Average Velocity
• 2.2 Instantaneous Velocity
• 2.3 Average and Instantaneous Acceleration
• 2.4 Motion with Constant Acceleration
• 2.5 Freely Falling Objects
• 2.6 Velocity and Position by Integration
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 3 Motion in Two or Three Dimensions
• 3.1 Position and Velocity Vectors
• 3.2 The Acceleration Vector
• 3.3 Projectile Motion
• 3.4 Motion in a Circle
• 3.5 Relative Velocity
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 4 Newton’s Laws of Motion
• 4.1 Force and Interactions
• 4.2 Newton’s First Law
• 4.3 Newton’s Second Law
• 4.4 Mass and Weight
• 4.5 Newton’s Third Law
• 4.6 Free-Body Diagrams
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 5 Applying Newton’s Laws
• 5.1 Using Newton’s First Law: Particles in Equilibrium
• 5.2 Using Newton’s Second Law: Dynamics of Particles
• 5.3 Friction Forces
• 5.4 Dynamics of Circular Motion
• 5.5 The Fundamental Forces of Nature
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 6 Work and Kinetic Energy
• 6.1 Work
• 6.2 Kinetic Energy and the Work–Energy Theorem
• 6.3 Work and Energy with Varying Forces
• 6.4 Power
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 7 Potential Energy and Energy Conservation
• 7.1 Gravitational Potential Energy
• 7.2 Elastic Potential Energy
• 7.3 Conservative and Nonconservative Forces
• 7.4 Force and Potential Energy
• 7.5 Energy Diagrams
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 8 Momentum, Impulse, and Collisions
• 8.1 Momentum and Impulse
• 8.2 Conservation of Momentum
• 8.3 Momentum Conservation and Collisions
• 8.4 Elastic Collisions
• 8.5 Center of Mass
• 8.6 Rocket Propulsion
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 9 Rotation of Rigid Bodies
• 9.1 Angular Velocity and Acceleration
• 9.2 Rotation with Constant Angular Acceleration
• 9.3 Relating Linear and Angular Kinematics
• 9.4 Energy in Rotational Motion
• 9.5 Parallel-Axis Theorem
• 9.6 Moment-of-Inertia Calculations
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 10 Dynamics of Rotational Motion
• 10.1 Torque
• 10.2 Torque and Angular Acceleration for a Rigid Body
• 10.3 Rigid-Body Rotation About a Moving Axis
• 10.4 Work and Power in Rotational Motion
• 10.5 Angular Momentum
• 10.6 Conservation of Angular Momentum
• 10.7 Gyroscopes and Precession
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 11 Equilibrium and Elasticity
• 11.1 Conditions for Equilibrium
• 11.2 Center of Gravity
• 11.3 Solving Rigid-Body Equilibrium Problems
• 11.4 Stress, Strain, and Elastic Moduli
• 11.5 Elasticity and Plasticity
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 12 Fluid Mechanics
• 12.1 Gases, Liquids, and Density
• 12.2 Pressure in a Fluid
• 12.3 Buoyancy
• 12.4 Fluid Flow
• 12.5 Bernoulli’s Equation
• 12.6 Viscosity and Turbulence
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 13 Gravitation
• 13.1 Newton’s Law of Gravitation
• 13.2 Weight
• 13.3 Gravitational Potential Energy
• 13.4 The Motion of Satellites
• 13.5 Kepler’s Laws and the Motion of Planets
• 13.6 Spherical Mass Distributions
• 13.7 Apparent Weight and the Earth’s Rotation
• 13.8 Black Holes
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 14 Periodic Motion
• 14.1 Describing Oscillation
• 14.2 Simple Harmonic Motion
• 14.3 Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion
• 14.4 Applications of Simple Harmonic Motion
• 14.5 The Simple Pendulum
• 14.6 The Physical Pendulum
• 14.7 Damped Oscillations
• 14.8 Forced Oscillations and Resonance
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• Waves/Acoustics
• 15 Mechanical Waves
• 15.1 Types of Mechanical Waves
• 15.2 Periodic Waves
• 15.3 Mathematical Description of a Wave
• 15.4 Speed of a Transverse Wave
• 15.5 Energy in Wave Motion
• 15.6 Wave Interference, Boundary Conditions, and Superposition
• 15.7 Standing Waves on a String
• 15.8 Normal Modes of a String
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 16 Sound and Hearing
• 16.1 Sound Waves
• 16.2 Speed of Sound Waves
• 16.3 Sound Intensity
• 16.4 Standing Sound Waves and Normal Modes
• 16.5 Resonance and Sound
• 16.6 Interference of Waves
• 16.7 Beats
• 16.8 The Doppler Effect
• 16.9 Shock Waves
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• Thermodynamics
• 17 Temperature and Heat
• 17.1 Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium
• 17.2 Thermometers and Temperature Scales
• 17.3 Thermal Expansion
• 17.4 Quantity of Heat
• 17.5 Calorimetry and Phase Changes
• 17.6 Mechanisms of Heat Transfer
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 18 Thermal Properties of Matter
• 18.1 Equations of State
• 18.2 Molecular Properties of Matter
• 18.3 Kinetic-Molecular Model of an Ideal Gas
• 18.4 Heat Capacities
• 18.5 Molecular Speeds
• 18.6 Phases of Matter
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 19 The First Law of Thermodynamics
• 19.1 Thermodynamic Systems
• 19.2 Work Done During Volume Changes
• 19.3 Paths Between Thermodynamic States
• 19.4 Internal Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics
• 19.5 Kinds of Thermodynamic Processes
• 19.6 Internal Energy of an Ideal Gas
• 19.7 Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas
• 19.8 Adiabatic Processes for an Ideal Gas
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 20 The Second Law of Thermodynamics
• 20.1 Directions of Thermodynamic Processes
• 20.2 Heat Engines
• 20.3 Internal-Combustion Engines
• 20.4 Refrigerators
• 20.5 The Second Law of Thermodynamics
• 20.6 The Carnot Cycle
• 20.7 Entropy
• 20.8 Microscopic Interpretation of Entropy
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• Electromagnetism
• 21 Electric Charge and Electric Field
• 21.1 Electric Charge
• 21.2 Conductors, Insulators, and Induced Charges
• 21.3 Coulomb’s Law
• 21.4 Electric Field and Electric Forces
• 21.5 Electric-Field Calculations
• 21.6 Electric Field Lines
• 21.7 Electric Dipoles
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 22 Gauss’s Law
• 22.1 Charge and Electric Flux
• 22.2 Calculating Electric Flux
• 22.3 Gauss’s Law
• 22.4 Applications of Gauss’s Law
• 22.5 Charges on Conductors
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 23 Electric Potential
• 23.1 Electric Potential Energy
• 23.2 Electric Potential
• 23.3 Calculating Electric Potential
• 23.4 Equipotential Surfaces
• 23.5 Potential Gradient
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 24 Capacitance and Dielectrics
• 24.1 Capacitors and Capacitance
• 24.2 Capacitors in Series and Parallel
• 24.3 Energy Storage in Capacitors and Electric-Field Energy
• 24.4 Dielectrics
• 24.5 Molecular Model of Induced Charge
• 24.6 Gauss’s Law in Dielectrics
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 25 Current, Resistance, and Electromotive Force
• 25.1 Current
• 25.2 Resistivity
• 25.3 Resistance
• 25.4 Electromotive Force and Circuits
• 25.5 Energy and Power in Electric Circuits
• 25.6 Theory of Metallic Conduction
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 26 Direct-Current Circuits
• 26.1 Resistors in Series and Parallel
• 26.2 Kirchhoff’s Rules
• 26.3 Electrical Measuring Instruments
• 26.4 R-C Circuits
• 26.5 Power Distribution Systems
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 27 Magnetic Field and Magnetic Forces
• 27.1 Magnetism
• 27.2 Magnetic Field
• 27.3 Magnetic Field Lines and Magnetic Flux
• 27.4 Motion of Charged Particles in a Magnetic Field
• 27.5 Applications of Motion of Charged Particles
• 27.6 Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor
• 27.7 Force and Torque on a Current Loop
• 27.8 The Direct-Current Motor
• 27.9 The Hall Effect
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 28 Sources of Magnetic Field
• 28.1 Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge
• 28.2 Magnetic Field of a Current Element
• 28.3 Magnetic Field of a Straight Current-Carrying Conductor
• 28.4 Force Between Parallel Conductors
• 28.5 Magnetic Field of a Circular Current Loop
• 28.6 Ampere’s Law
• 28.7 Applications of Ampere’s Law
• 28.8 Magnetic Materials
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 29 Electromagnetic Induction
• 29.1 Induction Experiments
• 29.2 Faraday’s Law
• 29.3 Lenz’s Law
• 29.4 Motional EMF
• 29.5 Induced Electric Fields
• 29.6 Eddy Currents
• 29.7 Displacement Current and Maxwell’s Equations
• 29.8 Superconductivity
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 30 Inductance
• 30.1 Mutual Inductance
• 30.2 Self-Inductance and Inductors
• 30.3 Magnetic-Field Energy
• 30.4 The R-L Circuit
• 30.5 The L-C Circuit
• 30.6 The L-R-C Series Circuit
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 31 Alternating Current
• 31.1 Phasors and Alternating Currents
• 31.2 Resistance and Reactance
• 31.3 The L-R-C Series Circuit
• 31.4 Power in Alternating-Current Circuits
• 31.5 Resonance in Alternating-Current Circuits
• 31.6 Transformers
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 32 Electromagnetic Waves
• 32.1 Maxwell’s Equations and Electromagnetic Waves
• 32.2 Plane Electromagnetic Waves and the Speed of Light
• 32.3 Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Waves
• 32.4 Energy and Momentum in Electromagnetic Waves
• 32.5 Standing Electromagnetic Waves
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• Optics
• 33 The Nature and Propagation of Light
• 33.1 The Nature of Light
• 33.2 Reflection and Refraction
• 33.3 Total Internal Reflection
• 33.4 Dispersion
• 33.5 Polarization
• 33.6 Scattering of Light
• 33.7 Huygens’s Principle
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 34 Geometric Optics
• 34.1 Reflection and Refraction at a Plane Surface
• 34.2 Reflection at a Spherical Surface
• 34.3 Refraction at a Spherical Surface
• 34.4 Thin Lenses
• 34.5 Cameras
• 34.6 The Eye
• 34.7 The Magnifier
• 34.8 Microscopes and Telescopes
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 35 Interference
• 35.1 Interference and Coherent Sources
• 35.2 Two-Source Interference of Light
• 35.3 Intensity in Interference Patterns
• 35.4 Interference in Thin Films
• 35.5 The Michelson Interferometer
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 36 Diffraction
• 36.1 Fresnel and Fraunhofer Diffraction
• 36.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit
• 36.3 Intensity in the Single-Slit Pattern
• 36.4 Multiple Slits
• 36.5 The Diffraction Grating
• 36.6 X-Ray Diffraction
• 36.7 Circular Apertures and Resolving Power
• 36.8 Holography
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• Modern Physics
• 37 Relativity
• 37.1 Invariance of Physical Laws
• 37.2 Relativity of Simultaneity
• 37.3 Relativity of Time Intervals
• 37.4 Relativity of Length
• 37.5 The Lorentz Transformations
• 37.6 The Doppler Effect for Electromagnetic Waves
• 37.7 Relativistic Momentum
• 37.8 Relativistic Work and Energy
• 37.9 Newtonian Mechanics and Relativity
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 38 Photons: Light Waves Behaving as Particles
• 38.1 Light Absorbed as Photons: The Photoelectric Effect
• 38.2 Light Emitted as Photons: X-Ray Production
• 38.3 Light Scattered as Photons: Compton Scattering and Pair Production
• 38.4 Wave–Particle Duality, Probability, and Uncertainty
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 39 Particles Behaving as Waves
• 39.1 Electron Waves
• 39.2 The Nuclear Atom and Atomic Spectra
• 39.3 Energy Levels and the Bohr Model of the Atom
• 39.4 The Laser
• 39.5 Continuous Spectra
• 39.6 The Uncertainty Principle Revisited
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 40 Quantum Mechanics I: Wave Functions
• 40.1 Wave Functions and the One-Dimensional Schrödinger Equation
• 40.2 Particle in a Box
• 40.3 Potential Wells
• 40.4 Potential Barriers and Tunneling
• 40.5 The Harmonic Oscillator
• 40.6 Measurement in Quantum Mechanics
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 41 Quantum Mechanics II: Atomic Structure
• 41.1 The Schrödinger Equation in Three Dimensions
• 41.2 Particle in a Three-dimensional Box
• 41.3 The Hydrogen Atom
• 41.4 The Zeeman Effect
• 41.5 Electron Spin
• 41.6 Many-Electron Atoms and the Exclusion Principle
• 41.7 X-Ray Spectra
• 41.8 Quantum Entanglement
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 42 Molecules and Condensed Matter
• 42.1 Types of Molecular Bonds
• 42.2 Molecular Spectra
• 42.3 Structure of Solids
• 42.4 Energy Bands
• 42.5 Free-Electron Model of Metals
• 42.6 Semiconductors
• 42.7 Semiconductor Devices
• 42.8 Superconductivity
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 43 Nuclear Physics
• 43.1 Properties of Nuclei
• 43.2 Nuclear Binding and Nuclear Structure
• 43.3 Nuclear Stability and Radioactivity
• 43.4 Activities and Half-Lives
• 43.5 Biological Effects of Radiation
• 43.6 Nuclear Reactions
• 43.7 Nuclear Fission
• 43.8 Nuclear Fusion
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• 44 Particle Physics and Cosmology
• 44.1 Fundamental Particles—A History
• 44.2 Particle Accelerators and Detectors
• 44.3 Particles and Interactions
• 44.4 Quarks and Gluons
• 44.5 The Standard Model and Beyond
• 44.6 The Expanding Universe
• 44.7 The Beginning of Time
• Summary
• Guided Practice
• Questions/Exercises/Problems
• Appendix
• A The International System of Units
• B Unit Conversion Factors
• C The British System of Units
• D Useful Mathematical Relations
• E The Greek Alphabet
• F Periodic Table of the Elements
• G Numerical Constants
• Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems
• Credits
• Index
• Back Cover