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• Contents
• About the Authors
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• 1 Introduction: Modern Wind Energy and its Origins
• 1.1 Modern Wind Turbines
• 1.2 History of Wind Energy
• References
• 2 Wind Characteristics and Resources
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 General Characteristics of the Wind Resource
• 2.3 Characteristics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
• 2.4 Wind Data Analysis and Resource Estimation
• 2.5 Wind Turbine Energy Production Estimates Using Statistical Techniques
• 2.6 Regional Wind Resource Assessment
• 2.7 Wind Prediction and Forecasting
• 2.8 Wind Measurement and Instrumentation
• 2.9 Advanced Topics
• References
• 3 Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines
• 3.1 General Overview
• 3.2 One-dimensional Momentum Theory and the Betz Limit
• 3.3 Ideal Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine with Wake Rotation
• 3.4 Airfoils and General Concepts of Aerodynamics
• 3.5 Blade Design for Modern Wind Turbines
• 3.6 Momentum Theory and Blade Element Theory
• 3.7 Blade Shape for Ideal Rotor without Wake Rotation
• 3.8 General Rotor Blade Shape Performance Prediction
• 3.9 Blade Shape for Optimum Rotor with Wake Rotation
• 3.10 Generalized Rotor Design Procedure
• 3.11 Simplified HAWT Rotor Performance Calculation Procedure
• 3.12 Effect of Drag and Blade Number on Optimum Performance
• 3.13 Computational and Aerodynamic Issues in Aerodynamic Design
• 3.14 Aerodynamics of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines
• References
• 4 Mechanics and Dynamics
• 4.1 Background
• 4.2 Wind Turbine Loads
• 4.3 General Principles of Mechanics
• 4.4 Wind Turbine Rotor Dynamics
• 4.5 Methods for Modeling Wind Turbine Structural Response
• References
• 5 Electrical Aspects of Wind Turbines
• 5.1 Overview
• 5.2 Basic Concepts of Electrical Power
• 5.3 Power Transformers
• 5.4 Electrical Machines
• 5.5 Power Converters
• 5.6 Electrical Aspects of Variable-Speed Wind Turbines
• 5.7 Ancillary Electrical Equipment
• References
• 6 Wind Turbine Materials and Components
• 6.1 Overview
• 6.2 Material Fatigue
• 6.3 Wind Turbine Materials
• 6.4 Machine Elements
• 6.5 Principal Wind Turbine Components
• References
• 7 Wind Turbine Design and Testing
• 7.1 Overview
• 7.2 Design Procedure
• 7.3 Wind Turbine Topologies
• 7.4 Wind Turbine Standards, Technical Specifications, and Certification
• 7.5 Wind Turbine Design Loads
• 7.6 Load Scaling Relations
• 7.7 Power Curve Prediction
• 7.8 Computer Codes for Wind Turbine Design
• 7.9 Design Evaluation
• 7.10 Wind Turbine and Component Testing
• References
• 8 Wind Turbine Control
• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 Overview of Wind Turbine Control Systems
• 8.3 Typical Grid-connected Turbine Operation
• 8.4 Supervisory Control Overview and Implementation
• 8.5 Dynamic Control Theory and Implementation
• References
• 9 Wind Turbine Siting, System Design, and Integration
• 9.1 General Overview
• 9.2 Wind Turbine Siting
• 9.3 Installation and Operation Issues
• 9.4 Wind Farms
• 9.5 Wind Turbines and Wind Farms in Electrical Grids
• References
• 10 Wind Energy Applications
• 10.1 General Overview
• 10.2 Distributed Generation
• 10.3 Hybrid Power Systems
• 10.4 Offshore Wind Energy
• 10.5 Operation in Severe Climates
• 10.6 Special Purpose Applications
• 10.7 Energy Storage
• 10.8 Fuel Production
• References
• 11 Wind Energy System Economics
• 11.1 Introduction
• 11.2 Overview of Economic Assessment of Wind Energy Systems
• 11.3 Capital Costs of Wind Energy Systems
• 11.4 Operation and Maintenance Costs
• 11.5 Value of Wind Energy
• 11.6 Economic Analysis Methods
• 11.7 Wind Energy Market Considerations
• References
• 12 Wind Energy Systems: Environmental Aspects and Impacts
• 12.1 Introduction
• 12.2 Avian/Bat Interaction with Wind Turbines
• 12.3 Visual Impact of Wind Turbines
• 12.4 Wind Turbine Noise
• 12.5 Electromagnetic Interference Effects
• 12.6 Land-Use Environmental Impacts
• 12.7 Other Environmental Considerations
• References
• Appendix A: Nomenclature
• A.1 Note on Nomenclature and Units
• A.2 Chapter 2
• A.3 Chapter 3
• A.4 Chapter 4
• A.5 Chapter 5
• A.6 Chapter 6
• A.7 Chapter 7
• A.8 Chapter 8
• A.9 Chapter 9
• A.10 Chapter 10
• A.11 Chapter 11
• A.12 Chapter 12
• A.13 Abbreviations
• Appendix B: Problems
• B.1 Problem Solving
• B.2 Chapter 2 Problems
• B.3 Chapter 3 Problems
• B.4 Chapter 4 Problems
• B.5 Chapter 5 Problems
• B.6 Chapter 6 Problems
• B.7 Chapter 7 Problems
• B.8 Chapter 8 Problems
• B.9 Chapter 9 Problems
• B.10 Chapter 10 Problems
• B.11 Chapter 11 Problems
• B.12 Chapter 12 Problems
• Appendix C: Data Analysis and Data Synthesis
• C.1 Overview
• C.2 Data Analysis
• C.3 Data Synthesis
• References
• Index