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• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• About the Authors
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Clinical Connections
• CHAPTER 1: An Introduction to the Human Body
• Introduction
• 1.1 Anatomy Defined
• 1.2 Levels of Body Organization and Body Systems
• 1.3 Life Processes
• 1.4 Basic Anatomical Terminology
• 1.5 Body Cavities
• 1.6 Abdominopelvic Regions and Quadrants
• 1.7 The Human Body and Disease
• 1.8 Aging
• 1.9 Medical Imaging
• 1.10 Measuring the Human Body
• Chapter Review
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Answers to Figure Questions
• CHAPTER 2: Cells
• Introduction
• 2.1 A Generalized Cell
• 2.2 The Plasma Membrane
• 2.3 Cytoplasm
• 2.4 Nucleus
• 2.5 Cell Division
• 2.6 Cellular Diversity
• 2.7 Aging and Cells
• Chapter Review
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Answers to Figure Questions
• CHAPTER 3: Tissues
• Introduction
• 3.1 Types of Tissues
• 3.2 Cell Junctions
• 3.3 Comparison Between Epithelial and Connective Tissues
• 3.4 Epithelial Tissue
• 3.5 Connective Tissue
• 3.6 Membranes
• 3.7 Muscular Tissue
• 3.8 Nervous Tissue
• 3.9 Aging and Tissues
• Chapter Review
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Answers to Figure Questions
• CHAPTER 4: Development
• Introduction
• 4.1 Principles of Development
• 4.2 Embryonic Period
• 4.3 Fetal Period
• 4.4 Maternal Changes During Pregnancy
• 4.5 Labor
• Chapter Review
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Answers to Figure Questions
• CHAPTER 5: The Integumentary System
• Introduction
• 5.1 Structure of the Skin
• 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
• 5.3 Types of Skin
• 5.4 Functions of the Skin
• 5.5 Development of the Integumentary System
• 5.6 Aging and the Integumentary System
• Chapter Review
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Answers to Figure Questions
• CHAPTER 6: Bone Tissue
• Introduction
• 6.1 Functions of Bone and the Skeletal System
• 6.2 Types of Bones
• 6.3 Anatomy of a Bone
• 6.4 Bone Surface Markings
• 6.5 Histology of Bone Tissue
• 6.6 Blood and Nerve Supply of Bone
• 6.7 Bone Formation
• 6.8 Fractures
• 6.9 Exercise and Bone Tissue
• 6.10 Aging and Bone Tissue
• 6.11 Factors Affecting Bone Growth
• Chapter Review
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Answers to Figure Questions
• CHAPTER 7: The Skeletal System: The Axial Skeleton
• Introduction
• 7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System
• 7.2 Skull or Cranium
• 7.3 Hyoid Bone
• 7.4 Vertebral Column
• 7.5 Thorax
• Chapter Review
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Answers to Figure Questions
• CHAPTER 8: The Skeletal System: The Appendicular Skeleton
• Introduction
• 8.1 Skeleton of the Upper Limb
• 8.2 Skeleton of the Lower Limb
• 8.3 Greater and Lesser Pelves
• 8.4 Comparison of Female and Male Pelves
• 8.5 Comparison of Pectoral and Pelvic Girdles
• 8.6 Development of the Skeletal System
• Chapter Review
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Answers to Figure Questions
• CHAPTER 9: Joints
• Introduction
• 9.1 Joint Classifications
• 9.2 Fibrous Joints
• 9.3 Cartilaginous Joints
• 9.4 Synovial Joints
• 9.5 Types of Movements at Synovial Joints
• 9.6 Types of Synovial Joints
• 9.7 Factors Affecting Contact and Range of Motion at Synovial Joints
• 9.8 Selected Joints of the Body
• 9.9 Aging and Joints
• Chapter Review
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Answers to Figure Questions
• CHAPTER 10: Muscular Tissue
• Introduction
• 10.1 Overview of Muscular Tissue
• 10.2 Skeletal Muscle Tissue Structure
• 10.3 Skeletal Muscle Tissue Function
• 10.4 Types of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
• 10.5 Exercise and Skeletal Muscle Tissue
• 10.6 Cardiac Muscle Tissue
• 10.7 Smooth Muscle Tissue
• 10.8 Development of Muscles
• 10.9 Aging and Muscular Tissue
• Chapter Review
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Answers to Figure Questions
• CHAPTER 11: The Muscular System
• Introduction
• 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements
• 11.2 How Skeletal Muscles Are Named
• 11.3 Principal Skeletal Muscles
• Chapter Review
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Answers to Figure Questions
• CHAPTER 12: The Cardiovascular System: Blood
• Introduction
• 12.1 Functions of Blood
• 12.2 Physical Characteristics of Blood
• 12.3 Components of Blood
• 12.4 Formation of Blood Cells
• 12.5 Red Blood Cells
• 12.6 White Blood Cells
• 12.7 Platelets
• 12.8 Stem Cell Transplants from Bone Marrow and Cord Blood
• Chapter Review
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Answers to Figure Questions
• CHAPTER 13: The Cardiovascular System: The Heart
• Introduction
• 13.1 Location and Surface Projection of the Heart
• 13.2 Structure and Function of the Heart
• 13.3 Circulation of Blood
• 13.4 Cardiac Conduction System and Innervation
• 13.5 Cardiac Cycle (Heartbeat)
• 13.6 Heart Sounds
• 13.7 Exercise and the Heart
• 13.8 Development of the Heart
• Chapter Review
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Answers to Figure Questions
• CHAPTER 14: The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels
• Introduction
• 14.1 Anatomy of Blood Vessels
• 14.2 Circulatory Routes—Systemic Circulation
• 14.3 Circulatory Routes—Hepatic Portal Circulation
• 14.4 Circulatory Routes—Pulmonary Circulation
• 14.5 Circulatory Routes—Fetal Circulation
• 14.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Blood
• 14.7 Aging and the Cardiovascular System
• Chapter Review
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Answers to Figure Questions
• CHAPTER 15: The Lymphoid (Lymphatic) System and Immunity
• Introduction
• 15.1 The Concept of Immunity
• 15.2 Lymphoid (Lymphatic) System Structure and Functions
• 15.3 Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Circulation
• 15.4 Lymphoid Organs and Tissues
• 15.5 Principal Groups of Lymph Nodes
• 15.6 Development of Lymphoid Tissues
• 15.7 Aging and the Lymphoid System
• Chapter Review
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Answers to Figure Questions
• CHAPTER 16: Nervous Tissue
• Introduction
• 16.1 Overview of the Nervous System
• 16.2 Histology and Functions of Neurons
• 16.3 Histology and Function of Neuroglia
• 16.4 Neural Circuits
• 16.5 Regeneration and Neurogenesis
• Chapter Review
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Answers to Figure Questions
• CHAPTER 17: The Spinal Cord and the Spinal Nerves
• Introduction
• 17.1 Spinal Cord Anatomy
• 17.2 Spinal Nerves
• 17.3 Spinal Cord Functions
• Chapter Review
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Answers to Figure Questions
• CHAPTER 18: The Brain and the Cranial Nerves
• Introduction
• 18.1 Development and General Structure of the Brain
• 18.2 Protection and Blood Supply
• 18.3 The Brainstem and Reticular Formation
• 18.4 The Cerebellum
• 18.5 The Diencephalon
• 18.6 The Cerebrum
• 18.7 Functional Organization of the Cerebral Cortex
• 18.8 Aging and the Nervous System
• 18.9 Cranial Nerves
• Chapter Review
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Answers to Figure Questions
• CHAPTER 19: The Autonomic Division of the Peripheral Nervous System
• Introduction
• 19.1 Comparison of Somatic and Autonomic Divisions of the Peripheral Nervous Systems
• 19.2 Anatomy of Autonomic Motor Pathways
• 19.3 Structure of the Sympathetic Part
• 19.4 Structure of the Parasympathetic Part
• 19.5 ANS Neurotransmitters and Receptors
• 19.6 Functions of the ANS
• 19.7 Integration and Control of Autonomic Functions
• Chapter Review
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Answers to Figure Questions
• CHAPTER 20: Somatic Senses and Motor Control
• Introduction
• 20.1 Overview of Sensations
• 20.2 Somatic Sensations
• 20.3 Somatic Sensory Pathways
• 20.4 Somatic Motor Pathways
• 20.5 Integration of Sensory Input and Motor Output
• Chapter Review
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Answers to Figure Questions
• CHAPTER 21: Special Senses
• Introduction
• 21.1 Olfaction: Sense of Smell
• 21.2 Gustation: Sense of Taste
• 21.3 Vision
• 21.4 Hearing and Equilibrium
• 21.5 Development of the Eyes and Ears
• 21.6 Aging and the Special Senses
• Chapter Review
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Answers to Figure Questions
• CHAPTER 22: The Endocrine System
• Introduction
• 22.1 Endocrine Glands Defined
• 22.2 Hormones
• 22.3 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
• 22.4 Pineal Gland and Thymus
• 22.5 Thyroid Gland and Parathyroid Glands
• 22.6 Suprarenal (Adrenal) Glands
• 22.7 Pancreas
• 22.8 Ovaries and Testes
• 22.9 Other Endocrine Tissues
• 22.10 Development of the Endocrine System
• 22.11 Aging and the Endocrine System
• Chapter Review
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Answers to Figure Questions
• CHAPTER 23: The Respiratory System
• Introduction
• 23.1 Respiratory System Anatomy
• 23.2 Upper Respiratory System Anatomy
• 23.3 Lower Respiratory System Anatomy
• 23.4 Mechanics of Pulmonary Ventilation (Breathing)
• 23.5 Regulation of Breathing
• 23.6 Exercise and the Respiratory System
• 23.7 Development of the Respiratory System
• 23.8 Aging and the Respiratory System
• Chapter Review
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Answers to Figure Questions
• CHAPTER 24: The Digestive System
• Introduction
• 24.1 Overview of the Digestive System
• 24.2 Layers of the Digestive Canal
• 24.3 Peritoneum
• 24.4 Mouth
• 24.5 Pharynx
• 24.6 Esophagus
• 24.7 Stomach
• 24.8 Pancreas
• 24.9 Liver and Gallbladder
• 24.10 Small Intestine
• 24.11 Large Intestine
• 24.12 Development of the Digestive System
• 24.13 Aging and the Digestive System
• Chapter Review
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Answers to Figure Questions
• CHAPTER 25: The Urinary System
• Introduction
• 25.1 Overview of the Urinary System
• 25.2 Anatomy of the Kidneys
• 25.3 The Nephron
• 25.4 Functions of Nephrons
• 25.5 Urine Transportation, Storage, and Elimination
• 25.6 Developmentof the Urinary System
• 25.7 Aging and the Urinary System
• Chapter Review
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Answers to Figure Questions
• CHAPTER 26: The Genital (Reproductive) Systems
• Introduction
• 26.1 Male Genital (Reproductive) System
• 26.2 Female Genital (Reproductive)System
• 26.3 Female Reproductive Cycle
• 26.4 Birth Control Methods and Abortion
• 26.5 Development of the Genital Systems
• 26.6 Aging and the Genital Systems
• Chapter Review
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Answers to Figure Questions
• CHAPTER 27: Surface Anatomy
• Introduction
• 27.1 Overview of Surface Anatomy
• Chapter Review
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Answers to Figure Questions
• APPENDIX A: Measurements
• APPENDIX B: Answers
• Glossary
• Index
• End User License Agreement