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• Instructions for online access
• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• How to Use
• Copyright
• Video and Case Study Contents
• Inflammation case study
• Cardiovascular case study
• Respiratory case study
• Food and glucose regulation case study
• Neurodegenerative disease case study
• Epilepsy case study
• Cancer case study
• Videos Contents
• Rang & Dale’s Pharmacology Tenth Edition Preface
• Section 1. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
• 1. What is pharmacology?
• What is a Drug?
• Origins and Antecedents
• Pharmacology in the 20th and 21st Centuries
• 2. How drugs act: general principles
• Introduction
• Protein Targets for Drug Binding
• Desensitisation and Tolerance
• Quantitative Aspects of Drug–Receptor Interactions
• The Nature of Drug Effects
• 3. How drugs act: molecular aspects
• Protein Targets for Drug Action
• Receptor Proteins
• Ion Channels as Drug Targets
• Control of Receptor Expression
• Receptors and Disease
• 4. How drugs act: cellular aspects – excitation, contraction and secretion
• Regulation of Intracellular Calcium
• Excitation
• Muscle Contraction
• Release of Chemical Mediators
• Epithelial Ion Transport
• 5. How drugs act: biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy
• INTRODUCTION
• PROTEIN AND PEPTIDE BIOPHARMACEUTICALS
• OLIGONUCLEOTIDES
• GENE THERAPY
• SAFETY AND SOCIETAL ISSUES
• THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS
• FUTURE DIRECTIONS
• 6. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, repair and regeneration
• Cell Proliferation
• Angiogenesis
• Apoptosis and Cell Removal
• Pathophysiological Implications
• Therapeutic Prospects
• 7. Cellular mechanisms: host defence
• Introduction
• The Innate Immune Response
• The Adaptive Immune Response
• Systemic Responses in Inflammation
• 8. Method and measurement in pharmacology
• BIOASSAY
• ANIMAL MODELS OF DISEASE
• PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES IN HUMANS
• CLINICAL TRIALS
• CLINICAL CONSIDERATION OF BENEFIT AND RISK
• 9. Absorption and distribution of drugs
• Introduction
• Physical Processes Underlying Drug Disposition
• Drug Absorption and Routes of Administration
• Distribution of Drugs in the Body
• Special Drug Delivery Systems
• 10. Drug metabolism and elimination
• INTRODUCTION
• DRUG AND METABOLITE EXCRETION
• 11. Pharmacokinetics
• Introduction: Definition and uses of Pharmacokinetics
• Drug Elimination Expressed as Clearance
• Single-Compartment Model
• More Complicated Kinetic Models
• Population Pharmacokinetics
• Limitations of Pharmacokinetics
• 12. Individual variation, pharmacogenomics and personalised medicine
• Introduction
• Epidemiological Factors and Inter-Individual Variation of Drug Response
• Genetic Variation in Drug Responsiveness
• Therapeutic Drugs and Clinically Available Pharmacogenomic Tests
• Conclusions
• Section 2. CHEMICAL MEDIATORS
• 13. Chemical mediators and the autonomic nervous system
• Historical Aspects
• The Autonomic Nervous System
• Some General Principles of Chemical Transmission
• Basic Steps in Neurochemical Transmission: Sites of Drug Action
• 14. Cholinergic transmission
• Muscarinic and Nicotinic Actions of Acetylcholine
• Acetylcholine Receptors
• Nicotinic Receptors
• Physiology of Cholinergic Transmission
• Effects of Drugs on Cholinergic Transmission
• 15. Noradrenergic transmission
• Catecholamines
• Classification of Adrenoceptors
• Physiology of Noradrenergic Transmission
• Drugs Acting on Noradrenergic Transmission
• 16. 5-Hydroxytryptamine and the purines
• 5-Hydroxytryptamine
• Clinical Conditions in Which 5-HT Plays a Role
• Purines
• Purinergic Receptors
• The Purinergic System in Health and Disease
• Purines as Neurotransmitters
• Summary
• 17. Local hormones: histamine, lipids, peptides and proteins
• Introduction
• What is a ‘Mediator’?
• Histamine
• Eicosanoids
• Leukotrienes
• Other Important Fatty Acid Derivatives
• Platelet-Activating Factor
• Sphingosine 1-Phosphate
• Protein and Peptide Mediators
• Biosynthesis and Regulation of Peptides
• Bradykinin
• Neuropeptides
• Cytokines
• Proteins and Peptides that Down-Regulate Inflammation
• Concluding Remarks
• 18. Cannabinoids
• Plant-Derived Cannabinoids (‘Phytocannabinoids’) And Their Pharmacological Effects
• Cannabinoid Receptors
• Endocannabinoids
• Synthetic Cannabinoids
• Clinical Applications
• 19. Nitric oxide and related mediators
• Introduction
• Biosynthesis of Nitric Oxide and its Control
• Degradation and Carriage of Nitric Oxide
• Effects of Nitric Oxide
• Therapeutic Aspects
• Clinical Conditions in Which Nitric Oxide May Play a Part
• Related Mediators
• Section 3. DRUGS AFFECTING MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS
• 20. The heart
• Introduction
• Physiology of Cardiac Function
• Autonomic Control of the Heart
• Cardiac Natriuretic Peptides
• Ischaemic Heart Disease
• Drugs that Affect Cardiac Function
• 21. The vascular system
• Introduction
• Vascular Structure and Function
• Control of Vascular Smooth Muscle Tone
• Vasoactive Drugs
• Clinical Uses of Vasoactive Drugs
• 22. Atherosclerosis and lipoprotein metabolism
• Introduction
• Atherogenesis
• Lipoprotein Transport
• Prevention of Atheromatous Disease
• Lipid-Lowering Drugs
• Antisense Oligonucleotides
• 23. Haemostasis and thrombosis
• Introduction
• Blood Coagulation
• Drugs that Act on the Coagulation Cascade
• Platelet Adhesion and Activation
• Fibrinolysis (Thrombolysis)
• 24. Haematopoietic system and treatment of anaemia
• Introduction
• The Haematopoietic System
• Types of Anaemia
• Haematinic Agents
• Haematopoietic Growth Factors
• Haemolytic Anaemia
• 25. Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant drugs
• Introduction
• Cyclo-Oxygenase Inhibitors
• Antirheumatoid Drugs
• BIOLOGIC DISEASE-MODIFYING ANTIRHEUMATIC DRUGS, ANTICYTOKINE DRUGS AND OTHER BIOPHARMACEUTICALS
• Drugs Used in Gout
• Antagonists of Histamine
• Possible Future Developments in Anti-Inflammatory Therapy
• 26. Skin
• Introduction
• Structure of Skin
• Common Diseases of the Skin
• Drugs Acting on Skin
• Principal Drugs Used in Skin Disorders
• Agents Acting by Other Mechanisms
• Concluding Remarks
• 27. The eye
• Introduction
• Special Pharmacokinetic Considerations in the Eye
• Treatment of Inflammation and Infection in the Eye
• Control of Intraocular Pressure and Treatment of Glaucoma
• Ocular Vasculature and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitors
• 28. Respiratory system
• The Physiology of Respiration
• Pulmonary Disease and its Treatment
• 29. The kidney and urinary system
• Introduction
• Outline of Renal Function
• The Structure and Function of the Nephron
• Drugs Acting on the Kidney
• Drugs that Alter the pH of the Urine
• Drugs that Alter the Excretion of Organic Molecules
• Drugs Used in Renal Failure
• Drugs Used in Urinary Tract Disorders
• 30. The gastrointestinal tract
• The Innervation and Hormones of the Gastrointestinal Tract
• Gastric Secretion
• Vomiting
• The Motility of the GI Tract
• Drugs for Chronic Bowel Disease
• Drugs Affecting the Biliary System
• Future Directions
• 31. The control of blood glucose and drug treatment of diabetes mellitus
• Introduction
• Control of Blood Glucose
• Pancreatic Islet Hormones
• Diabetes Mellitus
• 32. Obesity
• Introduction
• Obesity as a Health Problem
• Homeostatic Mechanisms Controlling Energy Balance
• The Pathophysiology of Human Obesity
• Pharmacological Approaches to the Problem of Obesity
• New Approaches to Obesity Therapy
• 33. The pituitary and the adrenal cortex
• The Pituitary Gland
• The Adrenal Cortex
• New Directions in Glucocorticoid Therapy
• 34. The thyroid
• Synthesis, Storage and Secretion of Thyroid Hormones
• Regulation of Thyroid Function
• Actions of the Thyroid Hormones
• Transport and Metabolism of Thyroid Hormones
• Abnormalities of Thyroid Function
• Drugs Used in Diseases of the Thyroid
• 35. The reproductive system
• Introduction
• Endocrine Control of Reproduction
• Drugs Affecting Reproductive Function
• Drugs Used for Contraception
• The Uterus
• Erectile Dysfunction
• 36. Bone metabolism
• Introduction
• Bone Structure and Composition
• Bone Remodelling
• Disorders of Bone
• Drugs Used in Bone Disorders
• Section 4. NERVOUS SYSTEM
• 37. Chemical transmission and drug action in the central nervous system
• Introduction
• Chemical Signalling in the Nervous System
• Targets for Drug Action
• Drug Action in the Central Nervous System
• The Classification of Psychotropic Drugs
• 38. Amino acid transmitters
• Excitatory Amino Acids
• Glutamate
• γ-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID
• Glycine
• Concluding Remarks
• 39. Other transmitters and modulators
• Introduction
• Noradrenaline
• Dopamine
• 5-Hydroxytryptamine
• Acetylcholine
• Purines
• Histamine
• Other CNS Mediators
• A Final Message
• 40. Neurodegenerative diseases
• Protein Misfolding and Aggregation in Chronic Neurodegenerative Diseases
• Mechanisms of Neuronal Death
• Ischaemic Brain Damage
• Dementia
• Parkinson’s Disease
• Essential Tremor
• Huntington’s Disease
• Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
• Spinal Muscular Atrophy
• Multiple Sclerosis
• 41. General anaesthetic agents
• Overview
• Introduction
• Mechanism of Action of Anaesthetic Drugs
• Intravenous Anaesthetic Agents
• Inhalation Anaesthetics
• Individual Inhalation Anaesthetics
• Sedation and Balanced Anaesthesia
• 42. Headache
• Headache
• Types of Headaches
• Drug Therapy for Headache
• Summary
• 43. Analgesic drugs
• Introduction
• Neural Mechanisms of Pain
• Analgesic Drugs
• Chronic Pain
• 44. Local anaesthetics and other drugs affecting sodium channels
• Local Anaesthetics
• Other Drugs That Affect Sodium Channels
• 45. Anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs
• The Nature Of Anxiety And Its Treatment
• Measurement Of Anxiolytic Activity
• Drugs Used To Treat Anxiety
• Delayed Anxiolytic Effect Of Drugs Acting Via Serotonergic Mechanisms
• Drugs Used To Treat Insomnia (Hypnotic Drugs)
• 46. Antiepileptic drugs
• Overview
• Introduction
• The Nature of Epilepsy
• Antiepileptic Drugs
• Muscle Spasm and Muscle Relaxants
• 47. Antipsychotic drugs
• Introduction
• The Nature of Schizophrenia
• Antipsychotic Drugs
• Future Developments
• 48. Antidepressant drugs
• The Nature of Depression
• Theories of Depression
• Antidepressant Drugs
• Clinical Effectiveness of Antidepressant Treatments
• Future Antidepressant Drugs
• Brain Stimulation Therapies
• Drug Treatment of Bipolar Disorder
• 49. Psychoactive drugs
• Introduction
• Psychomotor Stimulants
• Cognition-Enhancing Drugs
• Psychedelic Drugs
• Dissociative Drugs
• Depressants
• Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists
• 50. Drug use and addiction
• Drug Use
• Harm Reduction
• Section 5. DRUGS USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIONS AND CANCER
• 51. Basic principles of antimicrobial chemotherapy
• Background
• The Molecular Basis of Chemotherapy
• Resistance to Antibacterial Drugs
• Current Status of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
• 52. Antibacterial drugs
• INTRODUCTION
• ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS THAT INTERFERE WITH FOLATE SYNTHESIS OR ACTION
• β-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS AND OTHER AGENTS THAT INTERFERE WITH BACTERIAL WALL OR MEMBRANE SYNTHESIS
• ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AFFECTING BACTERIAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
• ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AFFECTING TOPOISOMERASE
• MISCELLANEOUS ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS
• ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL AGENTS
• PROSPECTS FOR NEW ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS
• 53. Antiviral drugs
• Background Information About Viruses
• The Host–Virus Interaction
• HIV and AIDS
• COVID-19
• Antiviral Drugs
• Combination Therapy For HIV
• COVID-19 Pharmacotherapy
• Prospects for New Antiviral Drugs
• 54. Antifungal drugs
• Fungi and Fungal Infections
• Drugs Used to Treat Fungal Infections
• Future Developments
• 55. Antiprotozoal drugs
• Background
• Host–Parasite Interactions
• Malaria and Antimalarial Drugs
• Amoebiasis and Amoebicidal Drugs
• Trypanosomiasis and Trypanocidal Drugs
• Other Protozoal Infections and Drugs Used to Treat Them
• Future Developments
• 56. Antihelminthic drugs
• Helminth Infections
• Antihelminthic Drugs
• Resistance to Antihelminthic Drugs
• Vaccines and Other Novel Approaches
• 57. Anticancer drugs
• Introduction
• The Pathogenesis of Cancer
• General Principles of Cytotoxic Anticancer Drugs
• Anticancer Drugs
• Future Developments
• Section 6. SPECIAL TOPICS
• 58. Harmful effects of drugs
• Introduction
• Classification of Adverse Drug Reactions
• Drug Toxicity
• Immunological Reactions to Drugs
• 59. Lifestyle and drugs in sport
• What are Lifestyle Drugs?
• Classification of Lifestyle Drugs
• Cognitive Enhancers
• Drugs and Sex
• Drugs in Sport
• Regulatory, Societal and Ethical Issues
• Conclusion
• 60. Drug discovery and development
• Drug Discovery: Background
• The Stages of a Project
• Biopharmaceuticals
• Commercial Aspects
• Future Prospects
• A Final Word
• Index